[RwandaLibre] TURAGAYA POLITIKI YA USA, UK, SOUTH AFRICA, N’ABANDI MU RWANDA MUBYO GUSABANA KW'AMOKO N'UTURERE KUKO BAKOMEJE KUGENDERA KURI POLITIKI Y’ABAKORONI YASHENYE U RWANDA KANDI TURASABA KO IBYO BYAKOSORWA

 

TURAGAYA POLITIKI YA USA, UK, SOUTH AFRICA, N'ABANDI MU RWANDA  KUKO BAKOMEJE KUGENDERA KURI POLITIKI Y'ABAKORONI YASHENYE U RWANDA  KANDI TURASABA KO IBYO BYAKOSORWA

Nk'uko mwabibonye, muri ibi bihe hadutse inkubiri yo kubuza amahwemo muri politiki (mu Rwanda no muri opposition) abantu bose bashyira gahunda imbere zituma abanyarwanda basabana  ndetse ibyo bintu bikagenda bigafatira abantu  nkatwe  bazwiho amateka  ajyana n'ubusabane bw'abanyarwanda n'amoko yabo.  Ibyo ndetse birenga politiki bigahinduka itsembabantu ridukorerwa  hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose bwo guheza bamwe abandi nabo bagakoresha gahunda yo kwicana ku isura muburyo systématique kandi bigahora bigaruka uko ibihe bigenda byicuma.

Buri wese agomba kumenya ko ibyo  bishingiye muri  politiki y'ubukoroni  igikomeza ishingiye  kungingo yo kurushaho gutandukanya abanyarwanda bashingiye kubuhutu n'ubututsi  hamwe no gutandukanya  abantu bishingiye kubukiga n'ubunyenduga kubireba abahutu.

Buri wese agomba kwibukako mumyaka ya kera abakoroni b'ababirigi bakiza, politiki yabo yashingiye kugutandukanya abahutu n'abatutsi cyane cyane batsindagira ibyo bitaga ko biranga umuhutu n'ibiranga umututsi.

Ibyo byakurikiwe no guheza bamwe mumashuri ngo batajijuka. Si n'ibyo byonyine hari n'ibindi. Ibyo ariko  byashimangiwe  cyane cyane  no gutandukanya abahutu n'abatutsi  cyane bakora groupe y'abahutu batuye ukwabo kugirango hataba gukomeza gusabana hagati y'abahutu n'abatutsi .  Muri uko gushyira iyo gahunda mubikorwa,  bafashe abatutsi bari batuye muturere tw'urukiga cyane cyane Rughengeri babimurira mu Bugesera.  Ndetse byageze n'aho hatangwa amamodoka yo kwimura abatutsi abajyana mukarere k'ubugesera.

Ibihe byakurikiye iyo groupe yabumbwe kungufu kugirango ibe groupe itavangiye ndetse idaturanye n'abatutsi (kuko abaturanyi b'abatutsi babimuye kungufu),  niyo yashyizwe kubutegetsi. Ndetse hari amakuru avuga ko abanyepolitiki b'abanyenduga bishwe bimaze guhabwa umugisha n'abahoze ari  abakoroni  b'u Rwanda kuko système yari iyobowe na Habyarimana Juvenal yatinyaga abazungu cyane kuburyo ntacyo bari bukore batabiherewe umugisha n'abazungu bari bashyigikiye ubwo butegetsi.

Ikigomba kumenyekana n'uko hari abumva ari abatutsi kurusha uko binyumvamo ubunyarwanda kandi ubwo bututsi bwabo bakaba babukomeyeho.

Hari abanyarwanda biyumvamo ubukiga kurusha uko biyumvamo ubunyarwanda kandi ubwo bukiga bakaba babukomeyeho

Hari abanyarwanda biyumvamo ubunyanduga cyane ariko bakagira inzitizi ko abo bantu ari nyamwishi  bigatuma batagira imyitwarire yabafasha mukwirundarunda nk'uko abari nyamuke bibohera.  

Hari n'abanyarwanda natwe  turiho twiyumva nk'abanyarwanda ndetse dushyize imbere ubunyarwanda kurusha ubuhutu n'ubututsi ndetse n'ubukiga n'ubunyanduga. 

Ikibazo cy'u Rwanda aho giherereye rero n'uko muri ibi bihe  usanga abashyize imbere ubunyarwanda n'ubusabane hagati y'amoko y'abanyarwanda bose n'uturere twose, usanga haradutse  système ya genocide idukorerwa.  Imbere mugihugu abatekereza nkatwe duhohoterwa na  FPR,   naho  hanze iyo y'u Rwanda iyo genocide irimo iradukorerwa na  bamwe biyita ko bari muri opposition na diaspora, abo bakora iyo genocide  bagashyigikirwa n'abagikomeye kuri  kuri gahunda y'abakoroni badashaka ko umuhutu yegera umututsi (vice versa).

Muri iyi minsi mwarabibonye ko igihe abanyarwanda twese tumaze kunga ubumwe bushingiye kuri cause y'uko abavictimes bose bakwiriye gusabana, nabo bahise bakabya umurego mubikorwa byabo b'ubwicanyi n'ubugizi bwa nabi.  Ikibazo cy'abahutsi cyahinduwe intwaro. Abanyamashyaka dushyira imbere ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda turahezwa hamwe na hamwe nta mpamvu cyangwa tukiyenzwaho.

Muri iyi minsi muri opposition, hadutse na  za groupes  politiques  zimwe zigamije gucamo ibice abanyarwanda zigendeye kumyaka y'ubuvuke, kubitekerezo n'ibindi kuburyo bageza n'aho  bamwe bibagirwa ko amashyaka yose arimo abantu b'imyaka yose ndetse n'ingeri zose  z'ibitekerezo.

 Nko mubihe bishize oppositition yari isanzweho,  twari twatangiye kunga ubumwe hagati y'amashyaka yose  intambwe kuyindi ndetse byari  birimo no kwihuta (reba itangazo ryometse kuri iyi nyandiko ry'inama y'amashyaka) . Njye ndibukako mubihe bishize nari nashoboye guhuza amashyaka agera kuri ane munama hamwe n'izindi organisations za société civile. Nkurikije amakuru yangezeho n'uko byari biteye ubwoba abarwanyaga iyo nama ngo itaba,  bavuga ko bafite ubwoba ko abanyarwanda tugiye kwiyunga

Niba abanyarwanda dushaka gutera imbere tukunga ubumwe, ningombwa ko twe  abanyarwanda batinyuka gusabana,  twemera tukaganira ntakurobanura amoko n'uturere ariko cyane cyane tukamara ubwoba abakomeye kuri politiki y'ubukoroni  ishingiye ku  gutandukanya abahutu n'abatutsi  ndetse ikongera igatandukanya  abakiga n'abanyenduga.  

Kuri iyi ngingo ningombwa kugaya cyane politiki y'ibihugu biherutse kwinjira mubibazo by'u Rwanda nka USA, UK, South Africa n'ibindi kuko bakomeje kugwa muri uwo mutego w'abakoroni wo gucamo ibice abanyarwanda abandi bagahonyorwa ndetse bagakomeza kwicwa.  Ndasaba ibyo bihugu byose ko byafata umurongo mushyashya ny'uyu  uhuza abanyarwanda bose kandi bagahagurukira gukangura abakigendera kuri politiki y'abakoroni yashenye u Rwanda ndetse ikaba ikomeje kurusenya.

Bitangarijwe I Bruxelles tariki ya 28/05/2014

RUTAYISIRE Boniface

President w'Ishyaka Banyarwanda akaba na Président w'association y'abavictimes TUBEHO TWESE ASBL

Tel : (32) 488250305

 

 

On Monday, May 26, 2014 5:17 PM, TUBEHO VictimRwanda <infotubeho@yahoo.fr> wrote:

De: BONIFACE HITIMANA <bonihiti@yahoo.fr>
Objet: IMYANZURO Y'INAMA I BRUXELLES YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION 06/12/2009

Date: Mardi 22 Décembre 2009, 18h24

 

IMYANZURO Y'INAMA YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION N'ANDI MASHYIRAHAMWE NYARWANDA I BRUXELLES   Uko igitekerezo cyaje n'uburyo cyavuyemo inama yabaye tariki ya 06/12/2009 Nk'uko byari bimaze igihe byifuzwa n'abanyarwanda  benshi ko opposition nyarwanda ikwiriye guhura ikaganira kubibazo biyireba hamwe n'ibibazo by'igihugu muri rusange kandi bigafatirwa n'imigambi ihamye, Umukuru w'Ishyaka Banyarwanda, Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yagize igitekerezo cy'uko amashyaka yose ya opposition akwiriye guhura akaganira bakungurana ibitekerezo. Icyo gitegekerezo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yakigejeje kuri Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel nawe asanga afite igitekerezo nk'icyo maze bombi biyemeza gufatanya gutegura inama yazahuza amashyaka yose ya opposition hamwe n'amashyirahamwe ya opposition atavuga rumwe na gouvernement ya FPR i Kigali. Hemejwe ko inama yaba ihuza amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe ya sosiyete civile yaba kucyumweru tariki ya 06/12/2009. ITUMIRA : Itangazo ritumira risinywe n'abakuru b'iyo mitwe yombi ya politiki ryasobanuraga ko abazaza munama bagombye kuba barangije gusubiza  tariki ya 20/11/2009.  Niko rero ibintu byagenze. Amashyaka yose ya opposition yaratumiwe, abazaboneka bari bamaze kumenyekanisha ko bazaba bahari mbere y'itariki ya 20/11/2009. Muri abo twavuga ishyaka : -UDFR Ihamye riyobowe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface (www.udfr-ihamye.com   -ODR Dufatanye ihagarariwe na Ambassadeur Ildephonse Munyeshyaka -PSI Imberakuri ihagarariwe na Bwana Ntaganda Bernard Bamwe mubakuru ba FDU Inkingi na PDP  bagaragaje ko bashaka kuzaba bari muriyo nama. Murwego rw'amashyirahamwe twavuga: -Association VIRTUS Panafricaine -Association TUBEHO TWESE  ASBL -Hatumiwe kandi Padiri Murengerantwari Theophile watumiwe nk'umunyedini Uko inama yagenze Inama yabereye I Bruxelle kuri Rue du Damier 23, 1000 Bruxelles.  Inama yatangiye imirimo yayo  isaa munani n'igice iyoborwa n'abari barayiteguye aribo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface na Bwana General Emmanuel Habyarimana. Mbere y'uko inama itangira habanje kwibwirana kw'abari munama buri wese  avuga organisation ahagarariye (tuributsako hari hatumiwe za organisations uretse umuntu umwe wari waje  nk'umunyedini).  Habanje gusuzumwa kandi niba ugusaba guhagararirwa mu nama  kw'Ishyaka PS Imberakuri ry'i Kigali kujuje ibigomba.  Abagize inama bemeye uko guhagararirwa kw'ishyaka PS Imberakuri kuko  Perezida waryo yari yakoze inyandiko zose zigomba kuri icyo gikorwa ndetse na nyuma yo kurangiza inama Nyakubahwa Ntaganda Bernard, Perezida wa PS Imberakuri yahawe uburyo bwo kwemeza ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama hanyuma abyemeza uko byafatiwe munama.  Amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama  : Mumashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama hari  : -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye (www.udfr-ihamye.com -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rikorera I Kigari naryo ryari  ryashyizeho uburyo rihagararirwa munama -Association Virtus -Association Tubeho Twese ASBL Abatarashoboye kuza muri iyo nama bamwe bohereje ubutumwa buvugirwa mu nama ko bari kumwe n'abandi muri iyo gahunda. Uko impaka zagenze: Nk'uko byari biri munyandiko itumira, habanje kwemezwa gahunda y'inama.  Uko gahunda yari yarateguwe yaremejwe ariko noneho irushaho gusobanurwa ingingo kuyindi kugirango bifashe mumpaka kandi byoroshye no gufata imyanzuro kuri buri ngingo. Imyanzuro yafashwe ni iyi ikurikira: Abari munama bose babanje kwishimira icyo gikorwa cy'iyo nama yashoboye kuba kandi ikaba igamije inzira nziza yo guhuza opposition yose kugirango inshingano zo kubohora abanyarwanda zigerweho. Hanavuzwe ikibazo cy'impuha nyinshi zabayeho hamwe n'iterabwoba rya FPR ryashyizwe kubantu bamwe  ngo be kuza muri iyo nama kuko yari inama iteye impungenge cyane abashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa FPR. Abari mu nama bishimiye ubutwari bwa buri wese washoboye kuza muri iyo nama kuko buri wese yagaragaje gukunda igihugu kandi ntakangwe n'iterabwoba ry'abatarashakaga ko inama iba.  Hishimiwe ko kandi mukuyitegura habayemo ibanga rikomeye, iyo migirire ikaba yarahanganye n'ibyo bihuha n'iterabwoba kugeza umunsi w'inama. -Kungingo  y'imigabo n'imigambi mishya ya opposition abagize inama bamaze kubijyaho impaka zihagije hafashwe  imyanzuro ikurikira: -Inama yasanze ko n'ubwo nta ntambara iri mu Rwanda, udashobora kuvuga abanyarwanda bafite umutekano kuko hari byinshi bibi birimo kurenganya no kwica abanyarwanda b'ingeri zinyuranye  bikorwa n'ubutegetsi bubi bw'igitugu bwa FPR kuburyo bihungabanya umutekano w'abanyarwanda bose  kuburyo bukomeye. Iyo migirire y'ubutegetsi bubi ikaba ihungabanya umutekano, imibereho y'abaturage kandi ikanabuza ubucamanza buzima kubaho kugirango buhane  abagize nabi bose. Abari munama bamaganye kumuragagaro iryo bura ry'umutekano mu Rwanda kandi basaba n'amahanga kubihagurukira kuko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukoresha uko bushoboye bukabihisha buvuga ko mugihugu bigenda neza kandi atari ukuri. Abari munama batangaje ko bifatanije n'impunzi zose z'abanyarwanda aho ziri hamwe n'abandi bakomeza guhunga igihugu kubera ibyo bibazo by'umutekano muke hame n'ibindi. Kuri yo ngingo hemejwe ko ari ngombwa ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bubi buvaho hakanjyaho ubutegetsi buha amahoro n'amahirwe amwe kubanyarwanda bose. Hemejwe ko buri shyaka iryo ariryo ryose ryashyira mubikorwa gahunda ryiyemeje kandi hakabaho no gusabana hamwe no kuzuzanya kumashyaka yose agize opposition kugeza bageze kuntsinzi y'abanyarwanda bose. -Ku ngingo yo gusabana no kuzuzanya kwa opposition hemejwe ko ari ngombwa kwemera ko hariho imirongo ibiri y'imibonere y'ibintu mumashyaka ya opposition ariko amashyaka agize iyo mirongo yombi akaba agomba kubahana, kuzuzanya no gukomeza kuganira bungurana ibitekerezo kubyafasha abanyarwanda bose kuko n'ubundi igiharanirwa ni igihugu cy'u Rwanda gisangiwe n'abanyarwanda bose kandi bose bakaba bakinganyamo amahirwe. Muri urwo rwego inama yasanze  ko hariho amashyaka ya opposition yahisemo kujya mu mamatora yo muri 2010 n'ubwo bigaragara  ko nta kizere na gito gihari ko ayo matora azaba ari amatora y'ukuri.   Inama yasanze ko na none hariho andi mashyaka atemera kwitabira amatora ya FPR afifitse adashingiye kumahame ya demokarasi n'ubwisanzure.  Ayo mashyaka akaba yiyemeje gukaza umurego kurugamba rwo guharanira demokarasi isesuye, igihugu kigendera kumategeko, ubutabera nyakuri, uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bwa buri wese n'imiberho myiza ya rubanda.  -Kungingo ireba umutekano w'abanyamashyaka n'abandi banyarwanda batavuga rumwe na leta ya FPR,  inama  yamaganye  byimazeyo urugomo n'iterabwoba bikorerwa abanyarwanda muri rusange, no ku buryo bw'umwihariko abanyamashyaka, abagize andi mashyirahamwe nyarwanda n'abanyamakuru. Opposition yashinze aba perezida b'amashyaka kumvikana bagashyiraho za bureaux n' antennes zishinzwe gukusanya amakuru no kubonera umuti icyo kibazo cy'umutekano.  -Inama yemeje ko hagomba gutegurwa  conference internationale ihuza abahagariye abanyarwanda bose, ikaba umwaka utaha wa 2010 mbere y'uko amatora ya Perezida wa Republika ategurwa na FPR mu Rwanda aba.   Abateguye iyi nama y'uyu munsi biyemeje no gutera inkunga mugutegura iyo conférence.  Inyito y'iyo nama hemejwe ko izakomeza kunononsorwa. -Kubijyanye n'ubucamanza bwiza kubanyarwanda bose hamwe no guca akarengane burundu n'umuco wo kudahana mu Rwanda, inama yahuje amashyaka ya opposition yemeje ko abakoze genocide  hutu na tutsi n'ibindi byaha byo gutsemba inyoko muntu mu Rwanda no mukarere k'ibiyaga bigari bagomba gukurikiranwa kandi bagahanwa n'inkiko  zimwe by'intangarugero nta kurobanura amoko, ibihe, ababikoze,  n'ibindi. -Inama yemeje ko guhera kuri iyi tariki hatangijwe ikigega « Fond de soutien de toute l'opposition Rwandaise » kigamije kugoboka abaturage bose mu Rwanda no hirya no hino ku isi.   Abayobozi b'ikigega ni abakuru b'amashyaka.  Buri mukuru w'ishyaka mubiyemeje kugishinga ni umwe muri ba administrateurs bagize ubuyobozi bw'ikigega.  Abatanze icyo gitekerezo basabwe kukinononsora neza kandi bagatuma gikora neza ndetse bakanafatanya n'abandi banyamashyaka kugishakira inyito.  Inama yashoje imirimo yayo sa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba.   Bitangarijwe I Bruxelle tariki ya 10/12/2009   Bishyizweho umukono n'amashyiharamwe akurikira:   -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye,www.udfr-ihamye.com ihagarariwe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface, Président -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi ihagarariwe na Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro rihagarariwe na Bwana Rutayisire Boniface, Président -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rihagarariwe na Bwana Bernard Ntaganda Président

 

 

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On Monday, May 26, 2014 6:43 PM, "TUBEHO VictimRwanda infotubeho@yahoo.fr [RwandaLibre]" <RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com> wrote:

 

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi namwe nshuti z'u Rwanda, 

Nk'uko mubibona muri opposition nyarwanda muri iyi minsi, ibintu bikomeje guhinduka mumashyaka ya opposition  uko bukeye n'uko bwije. Uyu munsi ni RNC yahindaguye ubuyobozi n'abayobozi, ejo hashize hari ivuka rya CPC na PS Imberakuri isa n'iyahuye n'ibibazo ariko hakaba hari inkuru nziza  itagira uko isa itangiye gukwira hirya no hino ko Ntaganda washinze PS Imberakuri ashobora gufungurwa mubihe bya vuba. 

Naramuka afunguwe rero bizagenda bite ibya PS Imberakuri yiyunze na FDLR na RDI? Bizamera nka FDU-RNC igipande kimwe kigume muri CPC ikindi kiyoborwe na Ntaganda mu Rwanda ?  

Icyo nabwira abanyarwanda n'uko iyo habaye impinduka muri ubu buryo muri opposition, ntawe ugomba kugira impungenge yibaza ko hari icyo byadindiza. 

Oya rwose ntagishobora kudindira cyangwa gusubira inyuma kuko kuri ubu opposition yubatse kuri za mouvances zinyuranye. Muri izo mouvances harimo imwe igizwe n'ishyaka Banyarwanda na MRP Abasangizi n'andi mashyaka turimo tuganira bifuza kujya muri uwo murongo. 

Iyi mouvance y'ishyaka Banyarwanda isangiye n'andi mashyaka, ni mouvance y'urukuta rukomeye cyane  muri opposition kuko niyo yazamuye cause y'abavictimes bose kandi iyi cause muri ibi bihe yabaye iy'amashyaka yose ya opposition. 

Iyi mouvance y'ishyaka Banyarwanda ifite amateka n'ibikorwa byinshi kandi ni mouvance yita kukibazo cy'impunzi, ikibazo cy'inigwa ry'itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, ikibazo cyo kugira système nshya ya demokarasi mu Rwanda itazagira uwo iheza, Gusabana hagati y'amashyaka n'abanyarwanda,  etc.  Ndetse iyi mouvance yiyemeje kongera umurego mu gukorana n'andi mashyaka yose  n'abantu kugiti cyabo afite mushingano zabo biriya bibazo bivuzwe n'ibindi.  

Hari kandi undi mwihariko ko twe turi mouvance ivuga ukuri kandi ikaba itagira aho yiheza n'ubwo intagondwa zimwe zibifata nabi kuko bo bamenyereye ko umuhutu agomba kwangana n'umututsi umwe ntiyegere undi.  Ikintu cyo gusabana hagati y'amoko cyangwa abadahuje ibitekerezo,  icyo nicyo cyabuze muri opposition hanze y'igihugu n'imbere mugihugu.  Gusabana hagati ya opposition yose bigiye kurushaho koroha kuko icyo batavugagaho rumwe cya genocide hutu na genocide tutsi cyacyemutse kuburyo amashyaka yose abyemera kimwe. N'uwo muzajya mubona anyuranije n'abandi ntimukamufate nk'ishyaka bizajya biba we kugiti cye bitewe n'impamvu ze bwite zishingiye kubibazo bye. Kuba rero iyo ntambwe yaratewe, ubusabane bugiye kuba bwinshi kandi FPR n'amacuti yayo ntibazongera kugira aho bagera bacamo ibice opposition bitwaje icyo kibazo. Buri wese abwire abanyamahanga bari bakiri mumurongo wo kwinangira ko iyi ntambwe yamaze guterwa na bose muri opposition nyarwanda kumashyaka yose.  Iyi ngingo tuzayigarukaho byumwihariko.

 Ikibazo gikomeye ahubwo kirimo kigwa na mouvance yacu ni ukureba uburyo abantu bo mugihugu twabavana mumurongo wo kubona opposition nk'abanzi nk'uko babyigishwa na bamwe b'intagondwa bo muri FPR. Ibyo biradusaba gusatira FPR tukayumvisha ko kuba tudahuje ibitekerezo na FPR ari ubukungu bw'u Rwanda kuburyo  bitavuze ko turi abanzi b'abanyarwanda FPR iyobora mugihugu. Aha rero biradusaba kubona uburyo bunoze bwo gukemura icyo kibazo. ibitekerezo bya buri wese birakenewe. 

Abari muri opposition twese  nituramuka twemeye ko bibujijwe guhura ndetse no gusabana n'abantu bari mugihugu bizaba ari ikosa rikomeye ry'amateka kandi bizagira ingaruka kubantu bose baba abo muri FPR cyangwa opposition ndetse na za generations zindi zizabaho. Na none nitwiheza muri opposition ntidusabene hagati yacu ndetse ngo twongere dusabane n'abo mugihugu, tuzaba dukinnye umukino w'intagondwa za FPR hamwe n'intagondwa zo muri opposition  kandi intagondwa z'impande zombi ntacyo zizamarira igihugu ndetse ni nke cyane. Hakorwe iki rero kugirango urwo rugamba abashyira mugaciro turutsinde twaba abari hanze cyangwa abari mugihugu ? 

Uru rugamba dutangiye rero ni urugamba rutarwanywa n'abanebwe cyangwa abanyantege nke mubitekerezo cyangwa gutinyuka. Ndetse ni urugamba rutarwanywa n'intagondwa zaritswe n'urwango rw'uturere, amoko  n'ibindi.  Buri wese rero wumva urushoboye atumiwe kuri uru rugamba yaba ari mu ishyaka runaka cyangwa kugiti cye. Twe kuba kumwe natwe ntabwo bisaba ko tugirana amasezerano y'ubufatanye ahubwo ni ukumva uri mumurongo wacu utari uwo intagondwa izo z'impande zose. 

Kubijyanye n'ibibazo biri muri opposition mumashyaka amwe he kugira uhungabana  nabona amashyaka amwe arimo kwivurugurura cyangwa guhura n'ibibazo. Ntawe ugomba guhangayika kuko mouvance ibarebera kure mwese  kandi ikaba igizwe n'ishyaka Banyarwanda rikorana n'ayandi  yose turahari.  Ibibazo ntagihe bitabayeho muri opposition mumashyaka yose kandi ntacyo byahungabanije kuko ishyaka Banyarwanda ryagumye riba ijisho ry'andi mashyaka n'abanyarwanda muri opposition nyarwanda. N'ubu rero turahari kandi urugamba rw'amahoro rurakataje. 

Ibitekerezo bya buri munyarwanda birakenewe kuko iri ni ikoni naryo rikomeye cyane mumateka y'u Rwanda. 

Ndabashimiye

Bitangarijwe i Bruxelles tariki ya 26/05/2014

Rutayisire Boniface

Président w'Ishyaka Banyarwanda akaba na President wa TUBEHO TWESE   

Tel : (32) 488250305

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

On Monday, May 26, 2014 5:17 PM, TUBEHO VictimRwanda <infotubeho@yahoo.fr> wrote:

De: BONIFACE HITIMANA <bonihiti@yahoo.fr>
Objet: IMYANZURO Y'INAMA I BRUXELLES YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION 06/12/2009

Date: Mardi 22 Décembre 2009, 18h24

IMYANZURO Y'INAMA YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION N'ANDI MASHYIRAHAMWE NYARWANDA I BRUXELLES   Uko igitekerezo cyaje n'uburyo cyavuyemo inama yabaye tariki ya 06/12/2009 Nk'uko byari bimaze igihe byifuzwa n'abanyarwanda  benshi ko opposition nyarwanda ikwiriye guhura ikaganira kubibazo biyireba hamwe n'ibibazo by'igihugu muri rusange kandi bigafatirwa n'imigambi ihamye, Umukuru w'Ishyaka Banyarwanda, Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yagize igitekerezo cy'uko amashyaka yose ya opposition akwiriye guhura akaganira bakungurana ibitekerezo. Icyo gitegekerezo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yakigejeje kuri Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel nawe asanga afite igitekerezo nk'icyo maze bombi biyemeza gufatanya gutegura inama yazahuza amashyaka yose ya opposition hamwe n'amashyirahamwe ya opposition atavuga rumwe na gouvernement ya FPR i Kigali. Hemejwe ko inama yaba ihuza amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe ya sosiyete civile yaba kucyumweru tariki ya 06/12/2009. ITUMIRA : Itangazo ritumira risinywe n'abakuru b'iyo mitwe yombi ya politiki ryasobanuraga ko abazaza munama bagombye kuba barangije gusubiza  tariki ya 20/11/2009.  Niko rero ibintu byagenze. Amashyaka yose ya opposition yaratumiwe, abazaboneka bari bamaze kumenyekanisha ko bazaba bahari mbere y'itariki ya 20/11/2009. Muri abo twavuga ishyaka : -UDFR Ihamye riyobowe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface (www.udfr-ihamye.com   -ODR Dufatanye ihagarariwe na Ambassadeur Ildephonse Munyeshyaka -PSI Imberakuri ihagarariwe na Bwana Ntaganda Bernard Bamwe mubakuru ba FDU Inkingi na PDP  bagaragaje ko bashaka kuzaba bari muriyo nama. Murwego rw'amashyirahamwe twavuga: -Association VIRTUS Panafricaine -Association TUBEHO TWESE  ASBL -Hatumiwe kandi Padiri Murengerantwari Theophile watumiwe nk'umunyedini Uko inama yagenze Inama yabereye I Bruxelle kuri Rue du Damier 23, 1000 Bruxelles.  Inama yatangiye imirimo yayo  isaa munani n'igice iyoborwa n'abari barayiteguye aribo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface na Bwana General Emmanuel Habyarimana. Mbere y'uko inama itangira habanje kwibwirana kw'abari munama buri wese  avuga organisation ahagarariye (tuributsako hari hatumiwe za organisations uretse umuntu umwe wari waje  nk'umunyedini).  Habanje gusuzumwa kandi niba ugusaba guhagararirwa mu nama  kw'Ishyaka PS Imberakuri ry'i Kigali kujuje ibigomba.  Abagize inama bemeye uko guhagararirwa kw'ishyaka PS Imberakuri kuko  Perezida waryo yari yakoze inyandiko zose zigomba kuri icyo gikorwa ndetse na nyuma yo kurangiza inama Nyakubahwa Ntaganda Bernard, Perezida wa PS Imberakuri yahawe uburyo bwo kwemeza ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama hanyuma abyemeza uko byafatiwe munama.  Amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama  : Mumashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama hari  : -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye (www.udfr-ihamye.com -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rikorera I Kigari naryo ryari  ryashyizeho uburyo rihagararirwa munama -Association Virtus -Association Tubeho Twese ASBL Abatarashoboye kuza muri iyo nama bamwe bohereje ubutumwa buvugirwa mu nama ko bari kumwe n'abandi muri iyo gahunda. Uko impaka zagenze: Nk'uko byari biri munyandiko itumira, habanje kwemezwa gahunda y'inama.  Uko gahunda yari yarateguwe yaremejwe ariko noneho irushaho gusobanurwa ingingo kuyindi kugirango bifashe mumpaka kandi byoroshye no gufata imyanzuro kuri buri ngingo. Imyanzuro yafashwe ni iyi ikurikira: Abari munama bose babanje kwishimira icyo gikorwa cy'iyo nama yashoboye kuba kandi ikaba igamije inzira nziza yo guhuza opposition yose kugirango inshingano zo kubohora abanyarwanda zigerweho. Hanavuzwe ikibazo cy'impuha nyinshi zabayeho hamwe n'iterabwoba rya FPR ryashyizwe kubantu bamwe  ngo be kuza muri iyo nama kuko yari inama iteye impungenge cyane abashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa FPR. Abari mu nama bishimiye ubutwari bwa buri wese washoboye kuza muri iyo nama kuko buri wese yagaragaje gukunda igihugu kandi ntakangwe n'iterabwoba ry'abatarashakaga ko inama iba.  Hishimiwe ko kandi mukuyitegura habayemo ibanga rikomeye, iyo migirire ikaba yarahanganye n'ibyo bihuha n'iterabwoba kugeza umunsi w'inama. -Kungingo  y'imigabo n'imigambi mishya ya opposition abagize inama bamaze kubijyaho impaka zihagije hafashwe  imyanzuro ikurikira: -Inama yasanze ko n'ubwo nta ntambara iri mu Rwanda, udashobora kuvuga abanyarwanda bafite umutekano kuko hari byinshi bibi birimo kurenganya no kwica abanyarwanda b'ingeri zinyuranye  bikorwa n'ubutegetsi bubi bw'igitugu bwa FPR kuburyo bihungabanya umutekano w'abanyarwanda bose  kuburyo bukomeye. Iyo migirire y'ubutegetsi bubi ikaba ihungabanya umutekano, imibereho y'abaturage kandi ikanabuza ubucamanza buzima kubaho kugirango buhane  abagize nabi bose. Abari munama bamaganye kumuragagaro iryo bura ry'umutekano mu Rwanda kandi basaba n'amahanga kubihagurukira kuko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukoresha uko bushoboye bukabihisha buvuga ko mugihugu bigenda neza kandi atari ukuri. Abari munama batangaje ko bifatanije n'impunzi zose z'abanyarwanda aho ziri hamwe n'abandi bakomeza guhunga igihugu kubera ibyo bibazo by'umutekano muke hame n'ibindi. Kuri yo ngingo hemejwe ko ari ngombwa ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bubi buvaho hakanjyaho ubutegetsi buha amahoro n'amahirwe amwe kubanyarwanda bose. Hemejwe ko buri shyaka iryo ariryo ryose ryashyira mubikorwa gahunda ryiyemeje kandi hakabaho no gusabana hamwe no kuzuzanya kumashyaka yose agize opposition kugeza bageze kuntsinzi y'abanyarwanda bose. -Ku ngingo yo gusabana no kuzuzanya kwa opposition hemejwe ko ari ngombwa kwemera ko hariho imirongo ibiri y'imibonere y'ibintu mumashyaka ya opposition ariko amashyaka agize iyo mirongo yombi akaba agomba kubahana, kuzuzanya no gukomeza kuganira bungurana ibitekerezo kubyafasha abanyarwanda bose kuko n'ubundi igiharanirwa ni igihugu cy'u Rwanda gisangiwe n'abanyarwanda bose kandi bose bakaba bakinganyamo amahirwe. Muri urwo rwego inama yasanze  ko hariho amashyaka ya opposition yahisemo kujya mu mamatora yo muri 2010 n'ubwo bigaragara  ko nta kizere na gito gihari ko ayo matora azaba ari amatora y'ukuri.   Inama yasanze ko na none hariho andi mashyaka atemera kwitabira amatora ya FPR afifitse adashingiye kumahame ya demokarasi n'ubwisanzure.  Ayo mashyaka akaba yiyemeje gukaza umurego kurugamba rwo guharanira demokarasi isesuye, igihugu kigendera kumategeko, ubutabera nyakuri, uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bwa buri wese n'imiberho myiza ya rubanda.  -Kungingo ireba umutekano w'abanyamashyaka n'abandi banyarwanda batavuga rumwe na leta ya FPR,  inama  yamaganye  byimazeyo urugomo n'iterabwoba bikorerwa abanyarwanda muri rusange, no ku buryo bw'umwihariko abanyamashyaka, abagize andi mashyirahamwe nyarwanda n'abanyamakuru. Opposition yashinze aba perezida b'amashyaka kumvikana bagashyiraho za bureaux n' antennes zishinzwe gukusanya amakuru no kubonera umuti icyo kibazo cy'umutekano.  -Inama yemeje ko hagomba gutegurwa  conference internationale ihuza abahagariye abanyarwanda bose, ikaba umwaka utaha wa 2010 mbere y'uko amatora ya Perezida wa Republika ategurwa na FPR mu Rwanda aba.   Abateguye iyi nama y'uyu munsi biyemeje no gutera inkunga mugutegura iyo conférence.  Inyito y'iyo nama hemejwe ko izakomeza kunononsorwa. -Kubijyanye n'ubucamanza bwiza kubanyarwanda bose hamwe no guca akarengane burundu n'umuco wo kudahana mu Rwanda, inama yahuje amashyaka ya opposition yemeje ko abakoze genocide  hutu na tutsi n'ibindi byaha byo gutsemba inyoko muntu mu Rwanda no mukarere k'ibiyaga bigari bagomba gukurikiranwa kandi bagahanwa n'inkiko  zimwe by'intangarugero nta kurobanura amoko, ibihe, ababikoze,  n'ibindi. -Inama yemeje ko guhera kuri iyi tariki hatangijwe ikigega « Fond de soutien de toute l'opposition Rwandaise » kigamije kugoboka abaturage bose mu Rwanda no hirya no hino ku isi.   Abayobozi b'ikigega ni abakuru b'amashyaka.  Buri mukuru w'ishyaka mubiyemeje kugishinga ni umwe muri ba administrateurs bagize ubuyobozi bw'ikigega.  Abatanze icyo gitekerezo basabwe kukinononsora neza kandi bagatuma gikora neza ndetse bakanafatanya n'abandi banyamashyaka kugishakira inyito.  Inama yashoje imirimo yayo sa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba.   Bitangarijwe I Bruxelle tariki ya 10/12/2009   Bishyizweho umukono n'amashyiharamwe akurikira:   -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye,www.udfr-ihamye.com ihagarariwe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface, Président -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi ihagarariwe na Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro rihagarariwe na Bwana Rutayisire Boniface, Président -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rihagarariwe na Bwana Bernard Ntaganda Président

On Monday, May 26, 2014 12:36 PM, "TUBEHO VictimRwanda infotubeho@yahoo.fr [banyarwandaresearchcenter]" <banyarwandaresearchcenter@yahoogroupes.fr> wrote:

 

En date de : Mar 22.12.09, BONIFACE HITIMANA <bonihiti@yahoo.fr> a écrit :

De: BONIFACE HITIMANA <bonihiti@yahoo.fr>
Objet: IMYANZURO Y'INAMA I BRUXELLES YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION 06/12/2009

Date: Mardi 22 Décembre 2009, 18h24

IMYANZURO Y'INAMA YAHUJE AMASHYAKA YA OPPOSITION N'ANDI MASHYIRAHAMWE NYARWANDA I BRUXELLES   Uko igitekerezo cyaje n'uburyo cyavuyemo inama yabaye tariki ya 06/12/2009 Nk'uko byari bimaze igihe byifuzwa n'abanyarwanda  benshi ko opposition nyarwanda ikwiriye guhura ikaganira kubibazo biyireba hamwe n'ibibazo by'igihugu muri rusange kandi bigafatirwa n'imigambi ihamye, Umukuru w'Ishyaka Banyarwanda, Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yagize igitekerezo cy'uko amashyaka yose ya opposition akwiriye guhura akaganira bakungurana ibitekerezo. Icyo gitegekerezo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface yakigejeje kuri Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel nawe asanga afite igitekerezo nk'icyo maze bombi biyemeza gufatanya gutegura inama yazahuza amashyaka yose ya opposition hamwe n'amashyirahamwe ya opposition atavuga rumwe na gouvernement ya FPR i Kigali. Hemejwe ko inama yaba ihuza amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe ya sosiyete civile yaba kucyumweru tariki ya 06/12/2009. ITUMIRA : Itangazo ritumira risinywe n'abakuru b'iyo mitwe yombi ya politiki ryasobanuraga ko abazaza munama bagombye kuba barangije gusubiza  tariki ya 20/11/2009.  Niko rero ibintu byagenze. Amashyaka yose ya opposition yaratumiwe, abazaboneka bari bamaze kumenyekanisha ko bazaba bahari mbere y'itariki ya 20/11/2009. Muri abo twavuga ishyaka : -UDFR Ihamye riyobowe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface (www.udfr-ihamye.com   -ODR Dufatanye ihagarariwe na Ambassadeur Ildephonse Munyeshyaka -PSI Imberakuri ihagarariwe na Bwana Ntaganda Bernard Bamwe mubakuru ba FDU Inkingi na PDP  bagaragaje ko bashaka kuzaba bari muriyo nama. Murwego rw'amashyirahamwe twavuga: -Association VIRTUS Panafricaine -Association TUBEHO TWESE  ASBL -Hatumiwe kandi Padiri Murengerantwari Theophile watumiwe nk'umunyedini Uko inama yagenze Inama yabereye I Bruxelle kuri Rue du Damier 23, 1000 Bruxelles.  Inama yatangiye imirimo yayo  isaa munani n'igice iyoborwa n'abari barayiteguye aribo Bwana Rutayisire Boniface na Bwana General Emmanuel Habyarimana. Mbere y'uko inama itangira habanje kwibwirana kw'abari munama buri wese  avuga organisation ahagarariye (tuributsako hari hatumiwe za organisations uretse umuntu umwe wari waje  nk'umunyedini).  Habanje gusuzumwa kandi niba ugusaba guhagararirwa mu nama  kw'Ishyaka PS Imberakuri ry'i Kigali kujuje ibigomba.  Abagize inama bemeye uko guhagararirwa kw'ishyaka PS Imberakuri kuko  Perezida waryo yari yakoze inyandiko zose zigomba kuri icyo gikorwa ndetse na nyuma yo kurangiza inama Nyakubahwa Ntaganda Bernard, Perezida wa PS Imberakuri yahawe uburyo bwo kwemeza ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama hanyuma abyemeza uko byafatiwe munama.  Amashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama  : Mumashyaka n'amashyirahamwe yashoboye kwitabira inama hari  : -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye (www.udfr-ihamye.com -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rikorera I Kigari naryo ryari  ryashyizeho uburyo rihagararirwa munama -Association Virtus -Association Tubeho Twese ASBL Abatarashoboye kuza muri iyo nama bamwe bohereje ubutumwa buvugirwa mu nama ko bari kumwe n'abandi muri iyo gahunda. Uko impaka zagenze: Nk'uko byari biri munyandiko itumira, habanje kwemezwa gahunda y'inama.  Uko gahunda yari yarateguwe yaremejwe ariko noneho irushaho gusobanurwa ingingo kuyindi kugirango bifashe mumpaka kandi byoroshye no gufata imyanzuro kuri buri ngingo. Imyanzuro yafashwe ni iyi ikurikira: Abari munama bose babanje kwishimira icyo gikorwa cy'iyo nama yashoboye kuba kandi ikaba igamije inzira nziza yo guhuza opposition yose kugirango inshingano zo kubohora abanyarwanda zigerweho. Hanavuzwe ikibazo cy'impuha nyinshi zabayeho hamwe n'iterabwoba rya FPR ryashyizwe kubantu bamwe  ngo be kuza muri iyo nama kuko yari inama iteye impungenge cyane abashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa FPR. Abari mu nama bishimiye ubutwari bwa buri wese washoboye kuza muri iyo nama kuko buri wese yagaragaje gukunda igihugu kandi ntakangwe n'iterabwoba ry'abatarashakaga ko inama iba.  Hishimiwe ko kandi mukuyitegura habayemo ibanga rikomeye, iyo migirire ikaba yarahanganye n'ibyo bihuha n'iterabwoba kugeza umunsi w'inama. -Kungingo  y'imigabo n'imigambi mishya ya opposition abagize inama bamaze kubijyaho impaka zihagije hafashwe  imyanzuro ikurikira: -Inama yasanze ko n'ubwo nta ntambara iri mu Rwanda, udashobora kuvuga abanyarwanda bafite umutekano kuko hari byinshi bibi birimo kurenganya no kwica abanyarwanda b'ingeri zinyuranye  bikorwa n'ubutegetsi bubi bw'igitugu bwa FPR kuburyo bihungabanya umutekano w'abanyarwanda bose  kuburyo bukomeye. Iyo migirire y'ubutegetsi bubi ikaba ihungabanya umutekano, imibereho y'abaturage kandi ikanabuza ubucamanza buzima kubaho kugirango buhane  abagize nabi bose. Abari munama bamaganye kumuragagaro iryo bura ry'umutekano mu Rwanda kandi basaba n'amahanga kubihagurukira kuko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukoresha uko bushoboye bukabihisha buvuga ko mugihugu bigenda neza kandi atari ukuri. Abari munama batangaje ko bifatanije n'impunzi zose z'abanyarwanda aho ziri hamwe n'abandi bakomeza guhunga igihugu kubera ibyo bibazo by'umutekano muke hame n'ibindi. Kuri yo ngingo hemejwe ko ari ngombwa ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bubi buvaho hakanjyaho ubutegetsi buha amahoro n'amahirwe amwe kubanyarwanda bose. Hemejwe ko buri shyaka iryo ariryo ryose ryashyira mubikorwa gahunda ryiyemeje kandi hakabaho no gusabana hamwe no kuzuzanya kumashyaka yose agize opposition kugeza bageze kuntsinzi y'abanyarwanda bose. -Ku ngingo yo gusabana no kuzuzanya kwa opposition hemejwe ko ari ngombwa kwemera ko hariho imirongo ibiri y'imibonere y'ibintu mumashyaka ya opposition ariko amashyaka agize iyo mirongo yombi akaba agomba kubahana, kuzuzanya no gukomeza kuganira bungurana ibitekerezo kubyafasha abanyarwanda bose kuko n'ubundi igiharanirwa ni igihugu cy'u Rwanda gisangiwe n'abanyarwanda bose kandi bose bakaba bakinganyamo amahirwe. Muri urwo rwego inama yasanze  ko hariho amashyaka ya opposition yahisemo kujya mu mamatora yo muri 2010 n'ubwo bigaragara  ko nta kizere na gito gihari ko ayo matora azaba ari amatora y'ukuri.   Inama yasanze ko na none hariho andi mashyaka atemera kwitabira amatora ya FPR afifitse adashingiye kumahame ya demokarasi n'ubwisanzure.  Ayo mashyaka akaba yiyemeje gukaza umurego kurugamba rwo guharanira demokarasi isesuye, igihugu kigendera kumategeko, ubutabera nyakuri, uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bwa buri wese n'imiberho myiza ya rubanda.  -Kungingo ireba umutekano w'abanyamashyaka n'abandi banyarwanda batavuga rumwe na leta ya FPR,  inama  yamaganye  byimazeyo urugomo n'iterabwoba bikorerwa abanyarwanda muri rusange, no ku buryo bw'umwihariko abanyamashyaka, abagize andi mashyirahamwe nyarwanda n'abanyamakuru. Opposition yashinze aba perezida b'amashyaka kumvikana bagashyiraho za bureaux n' antennes zishinzwe gukusanya amakuru no kubonera umuti icyo kibazo cy'umutekano.  -Inama yemeje ko hagomba gutegurwa  conference internationale ihuza abahagariye abanyarwanda bose, ikaba umwaka utaha wa 2010 mbere y'uko amatora ya Perezida wa Republika ategurwa na FPR mu Rwanda aba.   Abateguye iyi nama y'uyu munsi biyemeje no gutera inkunga mugutegura iyo conférence.  Inyito y'iyo nama hemejwe ko izakomeza kunononsorwa. -Kubijyanye n'ubucamanza bwiza kubanyarwanda bose hamwe no guca akarengane burundu n'umuco wo kudahana mu Rwanda, inama yahuje amashyaka ya opposition yemeje ko abakoze genocide  hutu na tutsi n'ibindi byaha byo gutsemba inyoko muntu mu Rwanda no mukarere k'ibiyaga bigari bagomba gukurikiranwa kandi bagahanwa n'inkiko  zimwe by'intangarugero nta kurobanura amoko, ibihe, ababikoze,  n'ibindi. -Inama yemeje ko guhera kuri iyi tariki hatangijwe ikigega « Fond de soutien de toute l'opposition Rwandaise » kigamije kugoboka abaturage bose mu Rwanda no hirya no hino ku isi.   Abayobozi b'ikigega ni abakuru b'amashyaka.  Buri mukuru w'ishyaka mubiyemeje kugishinga ni umwe muri ba administrateurs bagize ubuyobozi bw'ikigega.  Abatanze icyo gitekerezo basabwe kukinononsora neza kandi bagatuma gikora neza ndetse bakanafatanya n'abandi banyamashyaka kugishakira inyito.  Inama yashoje imirimo yayo sa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba.   Bitangarijwe I Bruxelle tariki ya 10/12/2009   Bishyizweho umukono n'amashyiharamwe akurikira:   -Ishyaka UDFR Ihamye,www.udfr-ihamye.com ihagarariwe na Bwana Hitimana Boniface, Président -Ishyaka Partenariat Intwari-Imanzi ihagarariwe na Bwana General Habyarimana Emmanuel -Ishyaka Banyarwanda-Insangizamahoro rihagarariwe na Bwana Rutayisire Boniface, Président -Ishyaka PS Imberakuri rihagarariwe na Bwana Bernard Ntaganda Président

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Posted by: TUBEHO VictimRwanda <infotubeho@yahoo.fr>

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