Rwanda's Security Narrative and Eastern DRC: Why Many Say It Is Overstated Introduction Rwanda frequently presents itself as a militarily capable state, yet it claims it must cross into the Democratic Republic of the Congo to protect itself. This argument raises a fundamental question: if Rwanda possesses such military strength, why cannot it defend itself within its own borders? Critics argue that ongoing cross-border operations, civilian displacement, mineral exploitation, and the establishment of parallel administrations cannot be justified as legitimate self-defence. This perspective is not marginal. It reflects mainstream reasoning across Congolese civil society, regional commentary, and an increasing number of international briefings that examine patterns of territorial control, governance structures, and political economy rather than focusing solely on immediate cross-border threats. A fundamental principle underpins this critique: whilst any state is entitled to hav...
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