South Sudan: Investigate new cluster bomb use
Monday, 17 February 2014, 12:43 pm
Press Release: Human Rights Watch
Identify Those Responsible for Using Banned Weapons
February 15, 2014
(Washington, DC) - The governments of South Sudan and Uganda should
investigate new evidence that banned cluster bombs have been used in
the South Sudan conflict, Human Rights Watch said today. United
Nations (UN) experts found remnants of the weapons, including intact
unexploded submunitions or "bomblets," in the week of February 7,
2014, near the town of Bor in an area not known to be contaminated by
remnants prior to mid-December 2013.
"The young nation of South Sudan has enough problems without these
horrific weapons, which kill and keep on killing long afterward," said
Steve Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of
the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC). "The governments involved should
quickly find out who is behind this and make clear they will be held
responsible."
Since mid-December the town of Bor, the capital of Jonglei State, and
the area around it have changed hands several times in clashes between
government forces, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), and
opposition forces loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar. The
Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) has been supporting South Sudan's
government forces, including with air power.
The UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) found the cluster munition remnants
by a stretch of road 16 kilometers south of Bor, which is 190
kilometers north of Juba, the capital. According to UNMAS, the site
was contaminated with the remnants of up to eight RBK-250-275 cluster
bombs and an unknown quantity of AO-1SCh bomblets or submunitions,
which are dropped by fixed wing aircraft or helicopters.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has condemned this use of cluster
bombs in the South Sudan conflict, but has not indicated who the UN
believes was responsible. South Sudanese and Ugandan forces possess
the air power to deliver air dropped cluster munitions, such as the
RBK-250-275 AO-1SCh cluster bomb, while the opposition forces are not
believed to possess the means necessary to deliver these bombs.
The governments of South Sudan and Uganda should investigate the
reported use of cluster bombs in South Sudan and make the results of
those investigations public, Human Rights Watch said. The governments
should enhance confidence in the independence and impartiality of the
investigation by involving international experts, and by acting in
cooperation with relevant international organizations such as UNMAS,
the International Committee of the Red Cross, and others. All parties
to the conflict should support and cooperate with the investigation.
This serious and credible evidence of cluster bomb use in South Sudan
requires the urgent attention of states party to the Convention on
Cluster Munitions. They should consult with the governments of South
Sudan and Uganda and other relevant parties to seek clarification,
establish the facts, and resolve questions regarding compliance with
the convention and with the norm that it seeks to establish against
any use of cluster munitions, Human Rights Watch said.
South Sudan government forces use the Mi-17 Hip helicopter, which is
capable of dropping cluster munitions, including the RBK-250-275
AO-1SCh cluster bomb. However, there were no reports or allegations of
any production, export, use, or stockpiling of cluster munitions by
the SPLA in the past when it functioned as a rebel armed force. In
September 2011, shortly after it became an independent nation, South
Sudan stated that it "is not a user or producer of cluster munitions,"
and a government official told the CMC that South Sudan does not
stockpile cluster munitions.
South Sudan's defense minister, Gen. Kuol Manyang Juuk, has strongly
denied that any cluster munitions have been used in the conflict,
telling the Citizen newspaper: "These are total lies, it is not true,
cluster bombs have never been used in the fighting."
The commander of the Ugandan forces in South Sudan, Brig. Muhanga
Kayanja, told Human Rights Watch that his forces had used helicopters
to provide close aerial support to ground troops, but had not used
cluster bombs, or any bombs, during the conflict.
On December 21, 2013, there were reports of Ugandan helicopter strikes
near Bor at the same time as the South Sudanese government began a
counter-attack on rebel positions. The Ugandan army's chief of defense
forces, Gen. Katumba Wamala, denied the claim of Ugandan involvement
in the aerial bombardment but on January 10, 2014, Reuters quoted a
Ugandan military officer saying, "In Bor our boys have been backing up
the SPLA in the latest push to retake it... Yesterday [January 9] our
MiGs conducted two bombings there."
Though the initial decision to deploy Ugandan troops to South Sudan
was not made in consultation with the Ugandan parliament, it
nonetheless approved the deployment on January 15. Some members
questioned the operational parameters and raised concerns about
Uganda's neutrality in the conflict. The Ugandan army spokesperson
confirmed that two battalions, totaling at least 1,600 soldiers, are
in South Sudan.
In 2007 a Ugandan government representative informed an international
meeting that Uganda possessed a stockpile of cluster bombs that it
would destroy. But in 2009, a senior military official said Uganda
does not have any stockpiled cluster munitions, while in April 2012, a
government official said, "Uganda has never manufactured, acquired,
stockpiled, transferred, or used cluster munitions."
Photographs and information, provided to Human Rights Watch by the
United Nations Development Programme, of remnants cleared by mine
action teams in northern Uganda near the then-Sudan border indicate
that RBK-250-275 AO-1SCh cluster bombs were apparently used at some
point in the years-long fighting between the rebel Lord's Resistance
Army (LRA) and the Ugandan military. It is not clear who used the
cluster munitions or precisely when or how many munitions were used.
On several occasions, Uganda denied that its armed forces ever used
cluster munitions and said the LRA was responsible.
South Sudan is not a party to the 2008 Convention on Cluster
Munitions, which comprehensively bans cluster munitions, while the
Republic of Uganda signed the convention on December 3, 2008, but has
yet to ratify it. Worldwide, a total of 84 states are party to the
convention, which came into force on August 1, 2010, while another 29
have signed but not yet ratified.
As a signatory, Uganda is not bound by all the convention's
provisions. However, the use of cluster munitions by a signatory can
be judged a breach of its international obligations. Under article 18
of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, "A state is obliged
to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a
treaty when... it has signed the treaty...." Clearly, new use of
cluster munitions defeats the object and purpose of the treaty, Human
Rights Watch said.
If South Sudanese forces are responsible for the use, Uganda could
also be at risk of violating the Convention on Cluster Munitions by
virtue of its close military cooperation, including joint combat
operations, with those forces. Under article 1 of the Convention on
Cluster Munitions, a state party may not "under any circumstance...
assist, encourage or induce anyone to engage in any activity
prohibited to a state party under this convention."
Cluster munitions can be fired by rockets, mortars, and artillery, or
dropped by aircraft. They explode in the air, sending dozens, even
hundreds, of submunitions or "bomblets" over a wide area. These
submunitions often fail to explode on initial impact, leaving duds
that act like landmines and explode when handled.
Each RBK-250-275 AO-1SCh cluster bomb contains 150 AO-1SCh
antipersonnel fragmentation bomblets. RBK cluster bombs were produced
and exported by the former Soviet Union in significant quantities.
Since the Convention on Cluster Munitions became binding international
law in 2010, three governments are confirmed to have used the weapons,
all non-signatories: Syria, Libya, and Thailand. Syria has used
cluster munitions extensively since 2012, including RBK-250-275
AO-1SCh cluster bombs, causing numerous civilian casualties.
Human Rights Watch is a founding member of the international Cluster
Munition Coalition, the civil society campaign behind the Convention
on Cluster Munitions.
http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1402/S00199/south-sudan-investigate-new-cluster-bomb-use.htm
--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
http://www.youtube.com/user/sibomanaxyz999
***Online Time:15H30-20H30, heure de Montréal.***Fuseau horaire
domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada
(GMT-05:00)***
| Reply via web post | Reply to sender | Reply to group | Start a New Topic | Messages in this topic (1) |
.To post a message: RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com; .To join: RwandaLibre-subscribe@yahoogroups.com; .To unsubscribe from this group,send an email to:
RwandaLibre-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
_____________________________________________________
More news: http://www.amakurunamateka.com ; http://www.ikangurambaga.com ; http://rwandalibre.blogspot.co.uk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment